The lion (Panthera leo) is the largest wild cat in Africa, yet populations of the 'king of the jungle' have dramatically declined by nearly half in just two decades. Historically lions occurred in sub-Saharan Africa as well as from northern Africa into southwest Asia and Europe. However only a remnant population remains in India and the present day populations only occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Unique among all wild cats, lions have a social structure as opposed to a solitary lifestyle; and males differ from females with large manes, whereas males and females of other wild cats look similar.

Lion (Panthera leo) Classification

Lions belong to the big cat genus Panthera and the full taxonomy or scientific classification of the lion species (Panthera leo) is as follows:

Kingdom: Animalia (animals)

Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates)

Class: Mammalia (mammals)

Order: Carnivora (carnivores)

Suborder: Feliformia (cat-like)

Family: Felidae (cats)

Subfamily: Pantherinae (big cats)

Genus: Panthera (big cats)

Species: Panthera leo (lion)

Subspecies: Panthera leo leo

     Panthera leo melanochaita

The scientific name for lion is Panthera leo which is also known as the lion binomial name, lion species name, lion latin name, lion biological name and lion zoological name. Some call it the lion botanical name however that term is applicable to the plant kingdom (botany) and not the animal kingdom (zoology).

Lion (Panthera leo) Subspecies

Lion Lower Classifications

Historically up to eleven subspecies of lions have been described:

• Panthera leo leo
• Panthera leo azandica
• Panthera leo bleyenberghi
• Panthera leo hollisteri
• Panthera leo kamptzi
• Panthera leo krugeri
• Panthera leo massaica
• Panthera leo melanochaita
• Panthera leo nyanzae
• Panthera leo persica
• Panthera leo senegalensis

With the advent of genetic studies many of these lion subspecies fell away and up until recently lions were classified into two subspecies - the Asian lion (Panthera leo persica) and the African lion (Panthera leo leo), on which the current IUCN Red List Lion status is based:

Regionally Extinct (RE)

• Lion Panthera leo (Mediterranean - North Africa)
  

Critically Endangered (CR)

• Lion Panthera leo (West Africa)

Endangered (EN)

• Asiatic Lion Panthera leo persica (Asia)
  

Vulnerable (VU)

• Lion Panthera leo (global)
• African Lion Panthera leo leo (Africa)

However the current Felidae taxonomy revision proposes that the Asian sub-population is closely related to the lions in the northern range of Africa and the southern and eastern African lions are a distinct subspecies. Thus the lion lower classifications (or lion subspecies) at present are:

1. Panthera leo leo - Central and West Africa and India
2. Panthera leo melanochaita - Southern and Eastern Africa

African Lion Conservation

The global conservation status for lions is Vulnerable (VU) and populations are declining.

The following global organizations are all fighting to conserve our majestic lions in the face of rapidly diminishing habitat and persecution:

• Panthera - Project Leonardo
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - African Lions
• National Geographic - Big Cats Initiative
• African Wildlife Foundation - African Lion
• Born Free - Lion Conservation

Please support these organizations with their important work. No matter how small or large your contribution, every bit helps!