The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest of all the wild cats, yet the tiger is also the most endangered and some populations have already gone extinct. In spite of many conservation programs it is estimated the tiger population has declined by over 95% in the past 100 years, primarily due to poaching and habitat loss. Besides being the largest of the big cats, tigers have a unique coat pattern of only stripes. Other cats may also have stripes on parts of their coats but markings will also include spots, rosettes or blotches.

Tiger (Panthera tigris) Classification

Tigers belong to the big cat genus Panthera and the full taxonomy or scientific classification of the tiger species (Panthera tigris) is as follows:

Kingdom: Animalia (animals)

Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates)

Class: Mammalia (mammals)

Order: Carnivora (carnivores)

Suborder: Feliformia (cat-like)

Family: Felidae (cats)

Subfamily: Pantherinae (big cats)

Genus: Panthera (big cats)

Species: Panthera tigris (tiger)

Subspecies:

Panthera tigris tigris

Panthera tigris sondaica

The scientific name for tiger is Panthera tigris which is also known as the tiger binomial name, tiger species name, tiger latin name, tiger biological name and tiger zoological name. Some call it the tiger botanical name however that term is applicable to the plant kingdom (botany) and not the animal kingdom (zoology).

Tiger (Panthera tigris) Subspecies

Tiger Lower Classifications

As at the last IUCN Red List assessment of tigers, six extant (still in existence) subspecies of tiger were described as well as three tiger subspecies that have already gone extinct, totaling nine tiger subspecies:

Extinct (EX)

Bali Tiger Panthera tigris balica
Javan Tiger Panthera tigris sondaica
Caspian Tiger Panthera tigris virgata

Critically Endangered (CR)

South China Tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis
Malayan Tiger Panthera tigris jacksoni
Sumatran Tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae

Endangered (EN)

Amur / Siberian Tiger Panthera tigris altaica
Indochinese Tiger Panthera tigris corbetti
Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris

However the latest taxonomic revision of Felidae proposes only two tiger subspecies based on comprehensive genetic studies. Thus the tiger lower classifications (or subspecies) at present are:

Panthera tigris tigris - Mainland : larger size, paler coat with fewer stripes
Panthera tigris sondaica - Sumatra : smaller size, darker coat with more stripes

References:

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Panthera tigris. 7 Feb 2017.
Kitchener et al. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group.